World Happiness Report 2021

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	20
Number of observations	149
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	23.4 KiB
Average record size in memory	160.9 B

Variable types

Categorical	3
Numeric	17

Warnings

`Ladder score in Dystopia` has constant value "2.43"	Constant
`Country name` has a high cardinality: 149 distinct values	High cardinality
`Ladder score` is highly correlated with `upperwhisker` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`Standard error of ladder score` is highly correlated with `lowerwhisker` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`upperwhisker` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`lowerwhisker` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`Logged GDP per capita` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Social support` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Healthy life expectancy` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Freedom to make life choices` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`Generosity` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Generosity`	High correlation
`Perceptions of corruption` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Perceptions of corruption`	High correlation
`Explained by: Log GDP per capita` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Social support` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Freedom to make life choices` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Generosity` is highly correlated with `Generosity`	High correlation
`Explained by: Perceptions of corruption` is highly correlated with `Perceptions of corruption`	High correlation
`Dystopia + residual` is highly correlated with `upperwhisker`	High correlation
`Ladder score` is highly correlated with `Standard error of ladder score` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`Standard error of ladder score` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`upperwhisker` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`lowerwhisker` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`Logged GDP per capita` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Social support` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Healthy life expectancy` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Freedom to make life choices` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`Generosity` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Generosity`	High correlation
`Perceptions of corruption` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Perceptions of corruption`	High correlation
`Explained by: Log GDP per capita` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Social support` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Freedom to make life choices` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Generosity` is highly correlated with `Generosity`	High correlation
`Explained by: Perceptions of corruption` is highly correlated with `Perceptions of corruption`	High correlation
`Ladder score` is highly correlated with `upperwhisker` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Standard error of ladder score` is highly correlated with `Logged GDP per capita` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`upperwhisker` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`lowerwhisker` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Logged GDP per capita` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`Social support` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Healthy life expectancy` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Freedom to make life choices` is highly correlated with `Ladder score in Dystopia` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Generosity` is highly correlated with `Ladder score in Dystopia` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Perceptions of corruption` is highly correlated with `Ladder score in Dystopia` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Ladder score in Dystopia` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Log GDP per capita` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Social support` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Freedom to make life choices` is highly correlated with `Freedom to make life choices`	High correlation
`Explained by: Generosity` is highly correlated with `Generosity`	High correlation
`Explained by: Perceptions of corruption` is highly correlated with `Perceptions of corruption`	High correlation
`Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 13 other fields	High correlation
`Ladder score` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 13 other fields	High correlation
`Regional indicator` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 14 other fields	High correlation
`Dystopia + residual` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Freedom to make life choices` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`upperwhisker` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 13 other fields	High correlation
`Social support` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`Generosity` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`Freedom to make life choices` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Log GDP per capita` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 13 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Social support` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`Perceptions of corruption` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`Healthy life expectancy` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 13 other fields	High correlation
`Logged GDP per capita` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 13 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Perceptions of corruption` is highly correlated with `Ladder score` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`lowerwhisker` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 13 other fields	High correlation
`Standard error of ladder score` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`Explained by: Generosity` is highly correlated with `Explained by: Healthy life expectancy` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`Ladder score in Dystopia` is highly correlated with `Regional indicator`	High correlation
`Regional indicator` is highly correlated with `Ladder score in Dystopia`	High correlation
`Country name` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`Country name` has unique values	Unique

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-07-11 17:11:21.036827
Analysis finished	2021-07-11 17:11:38.260308
Duration	17.22 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.0.0
Download configuration	config.json

Country name
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY
UNIFORM
UNIQUE

Distinct	149
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Finland	1
Ghana	1
Turkmenistan	1
Gambia	1
Benin	1
Other values (144)	144

Length

Max length	25
Median length	7
Mean length	8.268456376
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	1232
Distinct characters	52
Distinct categories	6 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	149 ?
Unique (%)	100.0%

Sample

1st row	Finland
2nd row	Denmark
3rd row	Switzerland
4th row	Iceland
5th row	Netherlands

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Finland	1	0.7%
Ghana	1	0.7%
Turkmenistan	1	0.7%
Gambia	1	0.7%
Benin	1	0.7%
Laos	1	0.7%
Bangladesh	1	0.7%
Guinea	1	0.7%
South Africa	1	0.7%
Turkey	1	0.7%
Other values (139)	139	93.3%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
china	3	1.7%
united	3	1.7%
cyprus	2	1.1%
north	2	1.1%
republic	2	1.1%
of	2	1.1%
south	2	1.1%
bangladesh	1	0.6%
niger	1	0.6%
turkmenistan	1	0.6%
Other values (159)	159	89.3%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	191	15.5%
i	110	8.9%
n	96	7.8%
e	81	6.6%
r	72	5.8%
o	71	5.8%
l	44	3.6%
t	44	3.6%
s	39	3.2%
u	39	3.2%
Other values (42)	445	36.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	1021	82.9%
Uppercase Letter	177	14.4%
Space Separator	29	2.4%
Other Punctuation	3	0.2%
Open Punctuation	1	0.1%
Close Punctuation	1	0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	191	18.7%
i	110	10.8%
n	96	9.4%
e	81	7.9%
r	72	7.1%
o	71	7.0%
l	44	4.3%
t	44	4.3%
s	39	3.8%
u	39	3.8%
Other values (16)	234	22.9%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
S	17	9.6%
C	17	9.6%
M	16	9.0%
B	13	7.3%
A	12	6.8%
N	10	5.6%
L	10	5.6%
I	9	5.1%
T	9	5.1%
P	9	5.1%
Other values (12)	55	31.1%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	29	100.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	3	100.0%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	1	100.0%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	1	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	1198	97.2%
Common	34	2.8%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	191	15.9%
i	110	9.2%
n	96	8.0%
e	81	6.8%
r	72	6.0%
o	71	5.9%
l	44	3.7%
t	44	3.7%
s	39	3.3%
u	39	3.3%
Other values (38)	411	34.3%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	29	85.3%
.	3	8.8%
(	1	2.9%
)	1	2.9%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	1232	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	191	15.5%
i	110	8.9%
n	96	7.8%
e	81	6.6%
r	72	5.8%
o	71	5.8%
l	44	3.6%
t	44	3.6%
s	39	3.2%
u	39	3.2%
Other values (42)	445	36.1%

Regional indicator
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	10
Distinct (%)	6.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Sub-Saharan Africa	36
Western Europe	21
Latin America and Caribbean	20
Middle East and North Africa	17
Central and Eastern Europe	17
Other values (5)	38

Length

Max length	34
Median length	18
Mean length	21.08724832
Min length	9

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	3142
Distinct characters	30
Distinct categories	4 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	Western Europe
2nd row	Western Europe
3rd row	Western Europe
4th row	Western Europe
5th row	Western Europe

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa	36	24.2%
Western Europe	21	14.1%
Latin America and Caribbean	20	13.4%
Middle East and North Africa	17	11.4%
Central and Eastern Europe	17	11.4%
Commonwealth of Independent States	12	8.1%
Southeast Asia	9	6.0%
South Asia	7	4.7%
East Asia	6	4.0%
North America and ANZ	4	2.7%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
and	58	12.7%
africa	53	11.6%
europe	38	8.4%
sub-saharan	36	7.9%
america	24	5.3%
east	23	5.1%
asia	22	4.8%
western	21	4.6%
north	21	4.6%
caribbean	20	4.4%
Other values (11)	139	30.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	415	13.2%
	306	9.7%
r	247	7.9%
e	244	7.8%
n	237	7.5%
t	192	6.1%
i	156	5.0%
d	116	3.7%
o	111	3.5%
s	104	3.3%
Other values (20)	1014	32.3%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	2371	75.5%
Uppercase Letter	429	13.7%
Space Separator	306	9.7%
Dash Punctuation	36	1.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	415	17.5%
r	247	10.4%
e	244	10.3%
n	237	10.0%
t	192	8.1%
i	156	6.6%
d	116	4.9%
o	111	4.7%
s	104	4.4%
u	90	3.8%
Other values (8)	459	19.4%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
A	103	24.0%
S	100	23.3%
E	78	18.2%
C	49	11.4%
N	25	5.8%
W	21	4.9%
L	20	4.7%
M	17	4.0%
I	12	2.8%
Z	4	0.9%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	306	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	36	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	2800	89.1%
Common	342	10.9%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	415	14.8%
r	247	8.8%
e	244	8.7%
n	237	8.5%
t	192	6.9%
i	156	5.6%
d	116	4.1%
o	111	4.0%
s	104	3.7%
A	103	3.7%
Other values (18)	875	31.2%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	306	89.5%
-	36	10.5%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	3142	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	415	13.2%
	306	9.7%
r	247	7.9%
e	244	7.8%
n	237	7.5%
t	192	6.1%
i	156	5.0%
d	116	3.7%
o	111	3.5%
s	104	3.3%
Other values (20)	1014	32.3%

Ladder score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	147
Distinct (%)	98.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.532838926

Minimum	2.523
Maximum	7.842
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2.523
5-th percentile	3.637
Q1	4.852
median	5.534
Q3	6.255
95-th percentile	7.3052
Maximum	7.842
Range	5.319
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.403

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.073923566
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1940999151
Kurtosis	-0.3685016279
Mean	5.532838926
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.7
Skewness	-0.10426854
Sum	824.393
Variance	1.153311825
Monotonicity	Decreasing

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5.929	2	1.3%
5.477	2	1.3%
4.854	1	0.7%
4.984	1	0.7%
5.074	1	0.7%
5.066	1	0.7%
5.051	1	0.7%
5.045	1	0.7%
5.03	1	0.7%
5.025	1	0.7%
Other values (137)	137	91.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.523	1	0.7%
3.145	1	0.7%
3.415	1	0.7%
3.467	1	0.7%
3.512	1	0.7%
3.6	1	0.7%
3.615	1	0.7%
3.623	1	0.7%
3.658	1	0.7%
3.775	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7.842	1	0.7%
7.62	1	0.7%
7.571	1	0.7%
7.554	1	0.7%
7.464	1	0.7%
7.392	1	0.7%
7.363	1	0.7%
7.324	1	0.7%
7.277	1	0.7%
7.268	1	0.7%

Standard error of ladder score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	65
Distinct (%)	43.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.05875167785

Minimum	0.026
Maximum	0.173
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.026
5-th percentile	0.0344
Q1	0.043
median	0.054
Q3	0.07
95-th percentile	0.0958
Maximum	0.173
Range	0.147
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.027

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.02200119961
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3744778092
Kurtosis	6.329840165
Mean	0.05875167785
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.013
Skewness	1.891583644
Sum	8.754
Variance	0.0004840527843
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.046	7	4.7%
0.04	6	4.0%
0.049	5	3.4%
0.036	5	3.4%
0.059	5	3.4%
0.068	5	3.4%
0.045	4	2.7%
0.047	4	2.7%
0.053	4	2.7%
0.042	4	2.7%
Other values (55)	100	67.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.026	1	0.7%
0.027	1	0.7%
0.029	1	0.7%
0.032	1	0.7%
0.033	1	0.7%
0.034	3	2.0%
0.035	2	1.3%
0.036	5	3.4%
0.037	2	1.3%
0.038	4	2.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.173	1	0.7%
0.156	1	0.7%
0.12	1	0.7%
0.107	1	0.7%
0.106	1	0.7%
0.103	1	0.7%
0.102	1	0.7%
0.097	1	0.7%
0.094	1	0.7%
0.092	2	1.3%

upperwhisker
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	146
Distinct (%)	98.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.648006711

Minimum	2.596
Maximum	7.904
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2.596
5-th percentile	3.824
Q1	4.991
median	5.625
Q3	6.344
95-th percentile	7.3796
Maximum	7.904
Range	5.308
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.353

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.054329622
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.18667287
Kurtosis	-0.3329319299
Mean	5.648006711
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.687
Skewness	-0.1161623381
Sum	841.553
Variance	1.111610953
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.454	2	1.3%
5.397	2	1.3%
4.998	2	1.3%
5.219	1	0.7%
5.273	1	0.7%
5.136	1	0.7%
5.225	1	0.7%
5.189	1	0.7%
5.119	1	0.7%
5.115	1	0.7%
Other values (136)	136	91.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.596	1	0.7%
3.259	1	0.7%
3.548	1	0.7%
3.611	1	0.7%
3.748	1	0.7%
3.762	1	0.7%
3.781	1	0.7%
3.794	1	0.7%
3.869	1	0.7%
3.953	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7.904	1	0.7%
7.687	1	0.7%
7.67	1	0.7%
7.643	1	0.7%
7.518	1	0.7%
7.462	1	0.7%
7.433	1	0.7%
7.396	1	0.7%
7.355	1	0.7%
7.337	1	0.7%

lowerwhisker
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	143
Distinct (%)	96.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.417630872

Minimum	2.449
Maximum	7.78
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2.449
5-th percentile	3.4994
Q1	4.706
median	5.413
Q3	6.128
95-th percentile	7.2304
Maximum	7.78
Range	5.331
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.422

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.094879053
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2020955429
Kurtosis	-0.3912602512
Mean	5.417630872
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.715
Skewness	-0.09659054314
Sum	807.227
Variance	1.19876014
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5.653	2	1.3%
5.001	2	1.3%
4.996	2	1.3%
3.276	2	1.3%
7.198	2	1.3%
5.933	2	1.3%
7.78	1	0.7%
4.901	1	0.7%
4.941	1	0.7%
4.934	1	0.7%
Other values (133)	133	89.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.449	1	0.7%
3.03	1	0.7%
3.276	2	1.3%
3.282	1	0.7%
3.322	1	0.7%
3.419	1	0.7%
3.485	1	0.7%
3.521	1	0.7%
3.565	1	0.7%
3.698	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7.78	1	0.7%
7.552	1	0.7%
7.5	1	0.7%
7.438	1	0.7%
7.41	1	0.7%
7.323	1	0.7%
7.293	1	0.7%
7.252	1	0.7%
7.198	2	1.3%
7.102	1	0.7%

Logged GDP per capita
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	148
Distinct (%)	99.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	9.432208054

Minimum	6.635
Maximum	11.647
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	6.635
5-th percentile	7.4112
Q1	8.541
median	9.569
Q3	10.421
95-th percentile	10.9732
Maximum	11.647
Range	5.012
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.88

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.158601448
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1228345941
Kurtosis	-0.8154072873
Mean	9.432208054
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.987
Skewness	-0.3520251121
Sum	1405.399
Variance	1.342357315
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10.576	2	1.3%
7.098	1	0.7%
7.686	1	0.7%
8.087	1	0.7%
8.947	1	0.7%
8.454	1	0.7%
7.838	1	0.7%
9.403	1	0.7%
10.24	1	0.7%
8.458	1	0.7%
Other values (138)	138	92.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6.635	1	0.7%
6.958	1	0.7%
7.098	1	0.7%
7.158	1	0.7%
7.288	1	0.7%
7.362	1	0.7%
7.364	1	0.7%
7.396	1	0.7%
7.434	1	0.7%
7.477	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
11.647	1	0.7%
11.488	1	0.7%
11.342	1	0.7%
11.117	1	0.7%
11.085	1	0.7%
11.053	1	0.7%
11.023	1	0.7%
11	1	0.7%
10.933	1	0.7%
10.932	1	0.7%

Social support
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	119
Distinct (%)	79.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.8147449664

Minimum	0.463
Maximum	0.983
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.463
5-th percentile	0.5826
Q1	0.75
median	0.832
Q3	0.905
95-th percentile	0.9476
Maximum	0.983
Range	0.52
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.155

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1148890272
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1410122577
Kurtosis	0.3949403248
Mean	0.8147449664
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.076
Skewness	-0.9378102171
Sum	121.397
Variance	0.01319948857
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.954	3	2.0%
0.71	3	2.0%
0.832	3	2.0%
0.942	3	2.0%
0.934	3	2.0%
0.898	3	2.0%
0.811	2	1.3%
0.827	2	1.3%
0.86	2	1.3%
0.821	2	1.3%
Other values (109)	123	82.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.463	1	0.7%
0.489	1	0.7%
0.49	1	0.7%
0.537	1	0.7%
0.54	1	0.7%
0.552	1	0.7%
0.56	1	0.7%
0.569	1	0.7%
0.603	1	0.7%
0.619	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.983	2	1.3%
0.954	3	2.0%
0.952	1	0.7%
0.948	2	1.3%
0.947	2	1.3%
0.943	1	0.7%
0.942	3	2.0%
0.941	1	0.7%
0.94	1	0.7%
0.939	1	0.7%

Healthy life expectancy
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	135
Distinct (%)	90.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	64.99279866

Minimum	48.478
Maximum	76.953
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	48.478
5-th percentile	52.8558
Q1	59.802
median	66.603
Q3	69.6
95-th percentile	73.8992
Maximum	76.953
Range	28.475
Interquartile range (IQR)	9.798

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	6.76204309
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1040429591
Kurtosis	-0.5641938609
Mean	64.99279866
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4.605
Skewness	-0.5219979782
Sum	9683.927
Variance	45.72522676
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
72.6	3	2.0%
71.4	2	1.3%
62	2	1.3%
72.7	2	1.3%
73.8	2	1.3%
72.5	2	1.3%
68.8	2	1.3%
73.9	2	1.3%
73.3	2	1.3%
72.4	2	1.3%
Other values (125)	128	85.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
48.478	1	0.7%
48.7	1	0.7%
50.102	1	0.7%
50.114	1	0.7%
50.833	1	0.7%
51.651	1	0.7%
51.969	1	0.7%
52.493	1	0.7%
53.4	1	0.7%
53.515	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
76.953	1	0.7%
76.82	1	0.7%
75.1	1	0.7%
74.7	1	0.7%
74.4	1	0.7%
74	1	0.7%
73.9	2	1.3%
73.898	2	1.3%
73.8	2	1.3%
73.503	1	0.7%

Freedom to make life choices
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	126
Distinct (%)	84.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.7915973154

Minimum	0.382
Maximum	0.97
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.382
5-th percentile	0.5802
Q1	0.718
median	0.804
Q3	0.877
95-th percentile	0.943
Maximum	0.97
Range	0.588
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.159

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1133317851
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1431684808
Kurtosis	0.4083134091
Mean	0.7915973154
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.08
Skewness	-0.7547987468
Sum	117.948
Variance	0.01284409351
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.822	3	2.0%
0.697	3	2.0%
0.877	3	2.0%
0.695	3	2.0%
0.949	2	1.3%
0.715	2	1.3%
0.927	2	1.3%
0.841	2	1.3%
0.867	2	1.3%
0.708	2	1.3%
Other values (116)	125	83.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.382	1	0.7%
0.48	1	0.7%
0.525	1	0.7%
0.548	1	0.7%
0.552	1	0.7%
0.561	1	0.7%
0.576	1	0.7%
0.579	1	0.7%
0.582	1	0.7%
0.593	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.97	1	0.7%
0.96	1	0.7%
0.959	1	0.7%
0.955	1	0.7%
0.949	2	1.3%
0.946	1	0.7%
0.945	1	0.7%
0.94	1	0.7%
0.935	1	0.7%
0.934	1	0.7%

Generosity
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	130
Distinct (%)	87.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-0.01513422819

Minimum	-0.288
Maximum	0.542
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	86
Negative (%)	57.7%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-0.288
5-th percentile	-0.2146
Q1	-0.126
median	-0.036
Q3	0.079
95-th percentile	0.2666
Maximum	0.542
Range	0.83
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.205

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1506567002
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-9.954699926
Kurtosis	1.636378871
Mean	-0.01513422819
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.101
Skewness	1.009955989
Sum	-2.255
Variance	0.02269744132
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.089	3	2.0%
0.061	3	2.0%
-0.034	3	2.0%
-0.147	3	2.0%
-0.098	2	1.3%
-0.106	2	1.3%
-0.067	2	1.3%
-0.124	2	1.3%
0.123	2	1.3%
0.038	2	1.3%
Other values (120)	125	83.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.288	1	0.7%
-0.258	1	0.7%
-0.246	1	0.7%
-0.244	1	0.7%
-0.238	1	0.7%
-0.236	1	0.7%
-0.223	1	0.7%
-0.219	1	0.7%
-0.208	1	0.7%
-0.203	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.542	1	0.7%
0.509	1	0.7%
0.424	1	0.7%
0.422	1	0.7%
0.311	1	0.7%
0.287	2	1.3%
0.273	1	0.7%
0.257	1	0.7%
0.233	1	0.7%
0.218	1	0.7%

Perceptions of corruption
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	130
Distinct (%)	87.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.7274496644

Minimum	0.082
Maximum	0.939
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.082
5-th percentile	0.3104
Q1	0.667
median	0.781
Q3	0.845
95-th percentile	0.9162
Maximum	0.939
Range	0.857
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.178

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1792263191
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2463762482
Kurtosis	2.249550499
Mean	0.7274496644
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.079
Skewness	-1.577464564
Sum	108.39
Variance	0.03212207346
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.801	3	2.0%
0.714	2	1.3%
0.809	2	1.3%
0.827	2	1.3%
0.924	2	1.3%
0.866	2	1.3%
0.745	2	1.3%
0.684	2	1.3%
0.8	2	1.3%
0.721	2	1.3%
Other values (120)	128	85.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.082	1	0.7%
0.167	1	0.7%
0.179	1	0.7%
0.186	1	0.7%
0.237	1	0.7%
0.242	1	0.7%
0.27	1	0.7%
0.292	1	0.7%
0.338	1	0.7%
0.363	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.939	1	0.7%
0.938	1	0.7%
0.932	1	0.7%
0.931	1	0.7%
0.924	2	1.3%
0.918	1	0.7%
0.917	1	0.7%
0.915	1	0.7%
0.911	1	0.7%
0.908	1	0.7%

Ladder score in Dystopia
Categorical

CONSTANT
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
REJECTED

Distinct	1
Distinct (%)	0.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

2.43	149

Length

Max length	4
Median length	4
Mean length	4
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	596
Distinct characters	4
Distinct categories	2 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	2.43
2nd row	2.43
3rd row	2.43
4th row	2.43
5th row	2.43

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.43	149	100.0%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.43	149	100.0%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	149	25.0%
.	149	25.0%
4	149	25.0%
3	149	25.0%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	447	75.0%
Other Punctuation	149	25.0%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	149	33.3%
4	149	33.3%
3	149	33.3%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	149	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	596	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	149	25.0%
.	149	25.0%
4	149	25.0%
3	149	25.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	596	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	149	25.0%
.	149	25.0%
4	149	25.0%
3	149	25.0%

Explained by: Log GDP per capita
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	138
Distinct (%)	92.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.9771610738

Minimum	0
Maximum	1.751
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.2712
Q1	0.666
median	1.025
Q3	1.323
95-th percentile	1.5158
Maximum	1.751
Range	1.751
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.657

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.404739941
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4141998201
Kurtosis	-0.8155980203
Mean	0.9771610738
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.345
Skewness	-0.3520349646
Sum	145.597
Variance	0.1638144198
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.364	3	2.0%
1.03	2	1.3%
0.518	2	1.3%
0.37	2	1.3%
0.845	2	1.3%
1.48	2	1.3%
0.603	2	1.3%
0.666	2	1.3%
0.954	2	1.3%
1.377	2	1.3%
Other values (128)	128	85.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	0.7%
0.113	1	0.7%
0.162	1	0.7%
0.183	1	0.7%
0.228	1	0.7%
0.254	1	0.7%
0.255	1	0.7%
0.266	1	0.7%
0.279	1	0.7%
0.294	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.751	1	0.7%
1.695	1	0.7%
1.644	1	0.7%
1.566	1	0.7%
1.555	1	0.7%
1.543	1	0.7%
1.533	1	0.7%
1.525	1	0.7%
1.502	1	0.7%
1.501	1	0.7%

Explained by: Social support
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	135
Distinct (%)	90.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.7933154362

Minimum	0
Maximum	1.172
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.2698
Q1	0.647
median	0.832
Q3	0.996
95-th percentile	1.0926
Maximum	1.172
Range	1.172
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.349

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2588712528
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3263156633
Kurtosis	0.3997424145
Mean	0.7933154362
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.171
Skewness	-0.9387417329
Sum	118.204
Variance	0.0670143255
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.079	3	2.0%
1.062	3	2.0%
0.765	2	1.3%
1.172	2	1.3%
0.758	2	1.3%
0.895	2	1.3%
0.841	2	1.3%
1.108	2	1.3%
0.982	2	1.3%
1.065	2	1.3%
Other values (125)	127	85.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	0.7%
0.058	1	0.7%
0.062	1	0.7%
0.168	1	0.7%
0.173	1	0.7%
0.202	1	0.7%
0.219	1	0.7%
0.239	1	0.7%
0.316	1	0.7%
0.353	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.172	2	1.3%
1.108	2	1.3%
1.106	1	0.7%
1.103	1	0.7%
1.094	1	0.7%
1.093	1	0.7%
1.092	1	0.7%
1.09	1	0.7%
1.083	1	0.7%
1.081	1	0.7%

Explained by: Healthy life expectancy
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	119
Distinct (%)	79.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.5201610738

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.897
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.1376
Q1	0.357
median	0.571
Q3	0.665
95-th percentile	0.801
Maximum	0.897
Range	0.897
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.308

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2130190978
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4095252578
Kurtosis	-0.5648848141
Mean	0.5201610738
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.145
Skewness	-0.5215856573
Sum	77.504
Variance	0.04537713604
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.801	4	2.7%
0.426	3	2.0%
0.76	3	2.0%
0.64	2	1.3%
0.571	2	1.3%
0.646	2	1.3%
0.763	2	1.3%
0.59	2	1.3%
0.634	2	1.3%
0.498	2	1.3%
Other values (109)	125	83.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	0.7%
0.007	1	0.7%
0.051	1	0.7%
0.052	1	0.7%
0.074	1	0.7%
0.1	1	0.7%
0.11	1	0.7%
0.126	1	0.7%
0.155	1	0.7%
0.159	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.897	1	0.7%
0.893	1	0.7%
0.838	1	0.7%
0.826	1	0.7%
0.816	1	0.7%
0.804	1	0.7%
0.801	4	2.7%
0.798	2	1.3%
0.788	1	0.7%
0.785	1	0.7%

Explained by: Freedom to make life choices
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	130
Distinct (%)	87.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.4987114094

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.716
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.2412
Q1	0.409
median	0.514
Q3	0.603
95-th percentile	0.6826
Maximum	0.716
Range	0.716
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.194

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1378883849
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2764893329
Kurtosis	0.414352537
Mean	0.4987114094
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.097
Skewness	-0.7570961383
Sum	74.308
Variance	0.01901320669
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.381	3	2.0%
0.384	3	2.0%
0.536	3	2.0%
0.6	2	1.3%
0.405	2	1.3%
0.603	2	1.3%
0.554	2	1.3%
0.58	2	1.3%
0.673	2	1.3%
0.397	2	1.3%
Other values (120)	126	84.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	0.7%
0.119	1	0.7%
0.175	1	0.7%
0.202	1	0.7%
0.207	1	0.7%
0.218	1	0.7%
0.236	1	0.7%
0.24	1	0.7%
0.243	1	0.7%
0.257	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.716	1	0.7%
0.703	1	0.7%
0.702	1	0.7%
0.698	1	0.7%
0.691	1	0.7%
0.69	1	0.7%
0.686	1	0.7%
0.685	1	0.7%
0.679	1	0.7%
0.673	2	1.3%

Explained by: Generosity
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	119
Distinct (%)	79.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.1780469799

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.541
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.0478
Q1	0.105
median	0.164
Q3	0.239
95-th percentile	0.362
Maximum	0.541
Range	0.541
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.134

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.09827033423
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5519348562
Kurtosis	1.633868464
Mean	0.1780469799
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.065
Skewness	1.009699408
Sum	26.529
Variance	0.009657058589
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.079	3	2.0%
0.241	3	2.0%
0.166	3	2.0%
0.144	3	2.0%
0.092	3	2.0%
0.246	3	2.0%
0.124	2	1.3%
0.268	2	1.3%
0.069	2	1.3%
0.122	2	1.3%
Other values (109)	123	82.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	0.7%
0.02	1	0.7%
0.027	1	0.7%
0.029	1	0.7%
0.032	1	0.7%
0.034	1	0.7%
0.043	1	0.7%
0.045	1	0.7%
0.052	1	0.7%
0.056	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.541	1	0.7%
0.52	1	0.7%
0.465	1	0.7%
0.463	1	0.7%
0.391	1	0.7%
0.375	2	1.3%
0.366	1	0.7%
0.356	1	0.7%
0.34	1	0.7%
0.33	1	0.7%

Explained by: Perceptions of corruption
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	117
Distinct (%)	78.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.1351409396

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.547
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.0144
Q1	0.06
median	0.101
Q3	0.174
95-th percentile	0.4014
Maximum	0.547
Range	0.547
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.114

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.114361389
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8462379303
Kurtosis	2.252409198
Mean	0.1351409396
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.05
Skewness	1.577898143
Sum	20.136
Variance	0.0130785273
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.073	3	2.0%
0.064	3	2.0%
0.089	3	2.0%
0.088	3	2.0%
0.139	3	2.0%
0.092	2	1.3%
0.075	2	1.3%
0.01	2	1.3%
0.053	2	1.3%
0.061	2	1.3%
Other values (107)	124	83.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	0.7%
0.001	1	0.7%
0.005	2	1.3%
0.01	2	1.3%
0.013	1	0.7%
0.014	1	0.7%
0.015	1	0.7%
0.018	1	0.7%
0.02	1	0.7%
0.022	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.547	1	0.7%
0.493	1	0.7%
0.485	1	0.7%
0.481	1	0.7%
0.448	1	0.7%
0.445	1	0.7%
0.427	1	0.7%
0.413	1	0.7%
0.384	1	0.7%
0.367	1	0.7%

Dystopia + residual
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	142
Distinct (%)	95.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2.430328859

Minimum	0.648
Maximum	3.482
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.648
5-th percentile	1.4058
Q1	2.138
median	2.509
Q3	2.794
95-th percentile	3.2132
Maximum	3.482
Range	2.834
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.656

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.5376452091
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2212232337
Kurtosis	0.4478822739
Mean	2.430328859
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.321
Skewness	-0.5587955595
Sum	362.119
Variance	0.2890623709
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.823	2	1.3%
2.148	2	1.3%
2.682	2	1.3%
2.653	2	1.3%
2.794	2	1.3%
2.784	2	1.3%
2.596	2	1.3%
3.253	1	0.7%
2.99	1	0.7%
3.482	1	0.7%
Other values (132)	132	88.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.648	1	0.7%
1.075	1	0.7%
1.095	1	0.7%
1.205	1	0.7%
1.236	1	0.7%
1.263	1	0.7%
1.379	1	0.7%
1.405	1	0.7%
1.407	1	0.7%
1.409	1	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.482	1	0.7%
3.476	1	0.7%
3.47	1	0.7%
3.469	1	0.7%
3.387	1	0.7%
3.375	1	0.7%
3.253	1	0.7%
3.216	1	0.7%
3.209	1	0.7%
3.195	1	0.7%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	Country name	Regional indicator	Ladder score	Standard error of ladder score	upperwhisker	lowerwhisker	Logged GDP per capita	Social support	Healthy life expectancy	Freedom to make life choices	Generosity	Perceptions of corruption	Ladder score in Dystopia	Explained by: Log GDP per capita	Explained by: Social support	Explained by: Healthy life expectancy	Explained by: Freedom to make life choices	Explained by: Generosity	Explained by: Perceptions of corruption	Dystopia + residual
0	Finland	Western Europe	7.842	0.032	7.904	7.780	10.775	0.954	72.0	0.949	-0.098	0.186	2.43	1.446	1.106	0.741	0.691	0.124	0.481	3.253
1	Denmark	Western Europe	7.620	0.035	7.687	7.552	10.933	0.954	72.7	0.946	0.030	0.179	2.43	1.502	1.108	0.763	0.686	0.208	0.485	2.868
2	Switzerland	Western Europe	7.571	0.036	7.643	7.500	11.117	0.942	74.4	0.919	0.025	0.292	2.43	1.566	1.079	0.816	0.653	0.204	0.413	2.839
3	Iceland	Western Europe	7.554	0.059	7.670	7.438	10.878	0.983	73.0	0.955	0.160	0.673	2.43	1.482	1.172	0.772	0.698	0.293	0.170	2.967
4	Netherlands	Western Europe	7.464	0.027	7.518	7.410	10.932	0.942	72.4	0.913	0.175	0.338	2.43	1.501	1.079	0.753	0.647	0.302	0.384	2.798
5	Norway	Western Europe	7.392	0.035	7.462	7.323	11.053	0.954	73.3	0.960	0.093	0.270	2.43	1.543	1.108	0.782	0.703	0.249	0.427	2.580
6	Sweden	Western Europe	7.363	0.036	7.433	7.293	10.867	0.934	72.7	0.945	0.086	0.237	2.43	1.478	1.062	0.763	0.685	0.244	0.448	2.683
7	Luxembourg	Western Europe	7.324	0.037	7.396	7.252	11.647	0.908	72.6	0.907	-0.034	0.386	2.43	1.751	1.003	0.760	0.639	0.166	0.353	2.653
8	New Zealand	North America and ANZ	7.277	0.040	7.355	7.198	10.643	0.948	73.4	0.929	0.134	0.242	2.43	1.400	1.094	0.785	0.665	0.276	0.445	2.612
9	Austria	Western Europe	7.268	0.036	7.337	7.198	10.906	0.934	73.3	0.908	0.042	0.481	2.43	1.492	1.062	0.782	0.640	0.215	0.292	2.784

Last rows

	Country name	Regional indicator	Ladder score	Standard error of ladder score	upperwhisker	lowerwhisker	Logged GDP per capita	Social support	Healthy life expectancy	Freedom to make life choices	Generosity	Perceptions of corruption	Ladder score in Dystopia	Explained by: Log GDP per capita	Explained by: Social support	Explained by: Healthy life expectancy	Explained by: Freedom to make life choices	Explained by: Generosity	Explained by: Perceptions of corruption	Dystopia + residual
139	Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	3.775	0.107	3.985	3.565	6.635	0.490	53.400	0.626	-0.024	0.607	2.43	0.000	0.062	0.155	0.298	0.172	0.212	2.876
140	Yemen	Middle East and North Africa	3.658	0.070	3.794	3.521	7.578	0.832	57.122	0.602	-0.147	0.800	2.43	0.329	0.831	0.272	0.268	0.092	0.089	1.776
141	Tanzania	Sub-Saharan Africa	3.623	0.071	3.762	3.485	7.876	0.702	57.999	0.833	0.183	0.577	2.43	0.433	0.540	0.300	0.549	0.307	0.231	1.263
142	Haiti	Latin America and Caribbean	3.615	0.173	3.953	3.276	7.477	0.540	55.700	0.593	0.422	0.721	2.43	0.294	0.173	0.227	0.257	0.463	0.139	2.060
143	Malawi	Sub-Saharan Africa	3.600	0.092	3.781	3.419	6.958	0.537	57.948	0.780	0.038	0.729	2.43	0.113	0.168	0.298	0.484	0.213	0.134	2.190
144	Lesotho	Sub-Saharan Africa	3.512	0.120	3.748	3.276	7.926	0.787	48.700	0.715	-0.131	0.915	2.43	0.451	0.731	0.007	0.405	0.103	0.015	1.800
145	Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	3.467	0.074	3.611	3.322	9.782	0.784	59.269	0.824	-0.246	0.801	2.43	1.099	0.724	0.340	0.539	0.027	0.088	0.648
146	Rwanda	Sub-Saharan Africa	3.415	0.068	3.548	3.282	7.676	0.552	61.400	0.897	0.061	0.167	2.43	0.364	0.202	0.407	0.627	0.227	0.493	1.095
147	Zimbabwe	Sub-Saharan Africa	3.145	0.058	3.259	3.030	7.943	0.750	56.201	0.677	-0.047	0.821	2.43	0.457	0.649	0.243	0.359	0.157	0.075	1.205
148	Afghanistan	South Asia	2.523	0.038	2.596	2.449	7.695	0.463	52.493	0.382	-0.102	0.924	2.43	0.370	0.000	0.126	0.000	0.122	0.010	1.895

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Space Separator

Other Punctuation

Open Punctuation

Close Punctuation

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Space Separator

Dash Punctuation

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Other Punctuation

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Cramér's V (φc)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows